Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Clear Cell Foci (CCF) in the Human Non-Cirrhotic Liver Identifies Several Differentially Expressed Genes
keithOctober 5, 20200 Comments
Dual Effects of Non-Coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Cancer Stem Cell Biology
The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as initiators of carcinogenesis has revolutionized the era of cancer research and our perception for the disease treatment options. Additional CSC features, including self-renewal and migratory and invasive capabilities, have further justified these cells as putative diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets.
Given the CSC plasticity, the identification of CSC-related biomarkers has been a serious burden in CSC characterization and therapeutic targeting. Over the past decades, a compelling amount of evidence has demonstrated critical regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) on the exclusive features of CSCs.
We now know that ncRNAs may interfere with signaling pathways, vital for CSC phenotype maintenance, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog. Here, we discuss the multifaceted contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as representative ncRNA classes, in sustaining the CSC-like traits, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of their action in various CSC types. We further discuss the use of CSC-related ncRNAs as putative biomarkers of high diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Plasminogen in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Plasminogen in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Plasminogen in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Cell Biolabs? Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit is an enzyme immunoassay developed for the detection and quantitation of human plasminogen in plasma, serum or other biological fluid samples. The kit has a detection sensitivity limit of 150 pg/mL human plasminogen. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 96 assays including standard curve and unknown samples.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Plasminogen (Plg) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Plasminogen (Plg) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Plasminogen (Plg) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Plasminogen (Plg) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Known also as Plasminogen Clia kit. Alternative names of the recognized antigen: PL
Plasmin
Activation peptide
Angiostatin
Description: Double-antibody Sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg)Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Description: Plasminogen is a single chain glycoprotein zymogen that is synthesized in the liver and circulated in plasma with a molecular weight of 90 kDa. The N- terminal portion of the molecule is made up of five kringle domains that bind to fibrin. The native molecule has an amino-terminal glutamic acid, known as glu-plasminogen, but this can undergo proteolytic cleavage by plasmin to lys- plasminogen (1). The inactive proenzyme plasminogen is converted to the active enzyme plasmin that ultimately digests fibrin. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) catalyzes the activation of plasminogen, while plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) inhibits the activation (2).
Should the Human Plasminogen (Plg) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Should the Human Plasminogen (Plg) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Human Plasminogen, Plg in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Human Plasminogen, Plg in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Plasminogen (Plg) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Plasminogen (Plg) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Plasminogen (Plg) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Plasminogen (Plg) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Known also as Plasminogen elisa. Alternative names of the recognized antigen: PL
Plasmin
Activation peptide
Angiostatin
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Plasminogen (Plg) in samples from plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: Recombinant tPA is a disulfide-linked monomer protein consisting 527 amino acid residue subunits. and migrates due to glycosylation as an approximately 60kDa protein under non-reducing and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator mature chain was expressed in CHO cells.
Description: Recombinant tPA is a disulfide-linked monomer protein consisting 527 amino acid residue subunits. and migrates due to glycosylation as an approximately 60kDa protein under non-reducing and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator mature chain was expressed in CHO cells.
Gentaur's Plg CLIA kit utilizes the Sandwich- CLIA principle. The micro CLIA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human Plg . Standards or samples are added to the micro CLIA plate wells and combined with the sp
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Plasminogen activator in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Plasminogen activator in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Plasminogen activator in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Gentaur's Plg ELISA kit utilizes the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human Plg. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Plasminogen (PLG). Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Plasminogen (PLG
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Plasminogen from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Description: Description of target: Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invasion may be modulated by CSPG4. Binds to cells.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 2.114 ng/ml
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Plasminogen (Plg)
Looking back and looking forward: contributions of electron microscopy to the structural cellbiology of gametes and fertilization
Mammalian gametes-the sperm and the egg-represent opposite extremes of cellular organization and scale. Studying the ultrastructure of gametes is crucial to understanding their interactions, and how to manipulate them in order to either encourage or prevent their union. Here, we survey the prominent electron microscopy (EM) techniques, with an emphasis on considerations for applying them to study mammalian gametes.
We review how conventional EM has provided significant insight into gamete ultrastructure, but also how the harsh sample preparation methods required preclude understanding at a truly molecular level. We present recent advancements in cryo-electron tomography that provide an opportunity to image cells in a near-native state and at unprecedented levels of detail.
New and emerging cellular EM techniques are poised to rekindle exploration of fundamental questions in mammalian reproduction, especially phenomena that involve complex membrane remodelling and protein reorganization. These methods will also allow novel lines of enquiry into problems of practical significance, such as investigating unexplained causes of human infertility and improving assisted reproductive technologies for biodiversity conservation.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Clear Cell Foci (CCF) in the Human Non-Cirrhotic Liver Identifies Several Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins with Functions in Cancer CellBiology and Glycogen Metabolism
Clear cell foci (CCF) of the liver are considered to be pre-neoplastic lesions of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. They are hallmarked by glycogen overload and activation of AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)-signaling. Here, we report the transcriptome and proteome of CCF extracted from human liver biopsies by laser capture microdissection.
We found 14 genes and 22 proteins differentially expressed in CCF and the majority of these were expressed at lower levels in CCF. Using immunohistochemistry, the reduced expressions of STBD1 (starch-binding domain-containing protein 1), USP28 (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 28), monad/WDR92 (WD repeat domain 92), CYB5B (Cytochrome b5 type B), and HSPE1 (10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial) were validated in CCF in independent specimens.
Knockout of Stbd1, the gene coding for Starch-binding domain-containing protein 1, in mice did not have a significant effect on liver glycogen levels, indicating that additional factors are required for glycogen overload in CCF. Usp28 knockout mice did not show changes in glycogen storage in diethylnitrosamine-induced liver carcinoma, demonstrating that CCF are distinct from this type of cancer model, despite the decreased USP28 expression.
Moreover, our data indicates that decreased USP28 expression is a novel factor contributing to the pre-neoplastic character of CCF. In summary, our work identifies several novel and unexpected candidates that are differentially expressed in CCF and that have functions in glycogen metabolism and tumorigenesis.
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-E Packaging cell line, which contains the gag and pol genes and an ecotropic envelope protein for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and transfect into the packaging cells.
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-GP Packaging cell line which contains the gag and pol genes necessary for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and co-transfect into the packaging cells along with the included VSVG plasmid.
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-A Packaging cell line, which contains the gag and pol genes and an amphotropic envelope protein for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and transfect into the packaging cells.
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-E Packaging cell line, which contains the gag and pol genes and an ecotropic envelope protein for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and transfect into the packaging cells.
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-GP Packaging cell line which contains the gag and pol genes necessary for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and co-transfect into the packaging cells along with the included VSVG plasmid.
Human Retroviral-like aspartic protease 1 (ASPRV1)
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-A Packaging cell line, which contains the gag and pol genes and an amphotropic envelope protein for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and transfect into the packaging cells.
Description: Conventional cells used for retrovirus packaging, such as those based on NIH3T3 cells, have limited stability and produce relatively low yields of retrovirus, mainly due to the poor expression of retroviral structure proteins (gag, pol and env) in the cells. The Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines are based on the 293T cell line. They exhibit longer stability and produce higher yields of retroviral structure proteins. Plat-E cells contain gag, pol and env genes, allowing retroviral packaging with a single plasmid transfection.
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-E Packaging cell line, which contains the gag and pol genes and an ecotropic envelope protein for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and transfect into the packaging cells.
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-GP Packaging cell line which contains the gag and pol genes necessary for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and co-transfect into the packaging cells along with the included VSVG plasmid.
Description: Conventional cells used for retrovirus packaging, such as those based on NIH3T3 cells, have limited stability and produce relatively low yields of retrovirus, mainly due to the poor expression of retroviral structure proteins (gag, pol and env) in the cells. The Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines are based on the 293T cell line. They exhibit longer stability and produce higher yields of retroviral structure proteins. Plat-GP cells contain the gag and pol genes required for retroviral packaging; an expression vector is co-transfected with a VSVG envelope vector.
Description: Conventional cells used for retrovirus packaging, such as those based on NIH3T3 cells, have limited stability and produce relatively low yields of retrovirus, mainly due to the poor expression of retroviral structure proteins (gag, pol and env) in the cells. The Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines are based on the 293T cell line. They exhibit longer stability and produce higher yields of retroviral structure proteins. Plat-A cells contain gag, pol and env genes, allowing retroviral packaging with a single plasmid transfection.
Description: Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a target cells where integration into the genome is desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies result in low viral titers, making gene expression studies challenging. Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorporate superior packaging cell lines and vector technologies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid transfection. This system includes our exclusive Platinum-A Packaging cell line, which contains the gag and pol genes and an amphotropic envelope protein for viral packaging. Simply clone your gene of interest into the vector provided and transfect into the packaging cells.
Recombinant human Retroviral-like aspartic protease 1
Description: ASPRV1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 159 amino acids (191-326) and having a molecular mass of 17.2kDa.;ASPRV1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
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